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Comprehending Commas: Part 2

by NSU WCC on 2024-10-07T09:00:00-04:00 | 0 Comments

Three ducks standing in a row.

In a previous blog post, we tried to alleviate some of the anxiety around grammar rules by focusing on commas and giving you some of the common scenarios in which you'll make decisions about whether to include commas or not. There are some specific situations where you should use commas to aid reader comprehension, and you can be confident that doing so can only help, regardless of whether you are articulating an argument in a term paper or composing a post for social media.

Scenario #1 - To identify geographical locations

Use a comma to set off geographical names from the rest of the sentence (such as "City, Country" or "City, State"). Place a comma after the country/state if the sentence continues after the location is given.

Example: The package arrived from Scranton, Pennsylvania.
 
Example: The package from Scranton, Pennsylvania, will arrive in Pawnee, Indiana, by Monday afternoon.

Scenario #2 - To shift from description to a quotation

Example: The distraught gardener looked up into the sky and said, “We sure could do with some rain.”

Scenario #3- Titles- Use a comma to set apart titles that follow a person’s name

Example: I learned everything I know about psychology from Frederick Chilton, PhD.

Example: Frederick Chilton, PhD, is a character from a movie.

Scenario #4 - To identify a dependent clause that starts a sentence

Use a comma before an independent clause that follows a dependent clause. (Note: an independent clause can stand alone as a sentence; a dependent clause needs to be paired with something to make it a complete sentence.)

Example: Before I left for work, I spilled coffee all over my laptop.

Scenario #5 - To identify a contrasting dependent clause that follows an independent clause

Use a comma before a dependent clause that follows an independent clause, but only if the sentence illustrates some kind of contrast.

Example: Mykayla felt wonderful about her job search prospects. [no comma needed]
 
Example: Mykayla felt wonderful, despite twisting her ankle two days ago. [comma needed]

 

Good luck navigating these situations and using commas to help clarify for readers the structure of your sentences.
 

If you would like more information about the use of commas, check out this resource sheet about commas from the NSU Tutoring and Testing Center.

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